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References

This page lists the sources behind the site's guidance comparisons.

Citations

  • Preprocedure Care of Patients on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multisociety Clinical Practice Guidance (ASA affirmation of the AGA/ASMBS/ISPCOP/SAGES guidance)

    Joshi GP, LaMasters T, Kindel TL

    Anesthesiology|2024

    Source
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists Consensus-Based Guidance on Preoperative Management of Patients (Adults and Children) on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (superseded in practice by the 2024 multisociety guidance)

    Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA, Soriano SG, Harbell MW, Kuo CI, Stricker PA, Domino KB (ASA Task Force on Preoperative Fasting)

    American Society of Anesthesiologists (society statement)|2023

    Source
  • AGA Rapid Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Patients Taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Prior to Endoscopy

    Hashash JG, Thompson CC, Wang AY

    Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology|2024 (online November 2023)

    Source
  • American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Position Statement on Periendoscopic Management of Patients on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors

    Sharaiha RZ, Shukla AP, Sen S, Chan WW, Broome DT, Anca D, Abidi W, Marya N, et al.

    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy|2025

    Source
  • Perioperative Management of Patients Taking Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: SPAQI Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement

    Oprea AD, Ostapenko LJ, Sweitzer B, Selzer A, Irizarry-Alvarado JM, et al.

    British Journal of Anaesthesia|2025

    Source
  • Perioperative Management of Patients Taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Restrictive Fasting Regimen Is Not Necessary (correspondence on the SPAQI statement)

    Khandaker R, Bordbar Jahantighi A, Schwarz J, Himes C, Isono S, Eikermann M, Fassbender P

    British Journal of Anaesthesia|2025

    Source
  • Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Updated Consensus Statement on Perioperative Blood Glucose Management in Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery

    Rajan N, Duggan EW, Abdelmalak BB, Butz S, Rodriguez LV, Vann MA, Joshi GP

    Anesthesia & Analgesia|2024

    Source
  • Multisociety Clinical Practice Guidance for the Safe Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Perioperative Period

    Kindel TL, Wang AY, Wadhwa A, Schulman AR, Sharaiha RZ, Kroh M, Ghanem OM, Levy S, et al.

    Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases|2024

    Source
  • Association Between Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Peri-operative Pulmonary Aspiration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

    Castrillon J, Rele S, Sumithran P, Hii M, Thuraisingam S, Spelman T, et al.

    Anaesthesia|2025

    Source
  • Fasting Duration, Not Timing of Last GLP-1 Dose, Predicts Aspiration Risk Indicators: A Prospective Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Study

    Shahidifar E, Lesniowska M, Deschenes E, Polcha G, Manzo C, Barreiro T, et al.

    Digestive Diseases and Sciences|2025

    Source
  • Peri-Procedural Fasting and Gastric Ultrasound Strategies in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Users: A Systematic Review With Qualitative Synthesis

    Abdallah OW, Albashtawi A, Aljabr S, Issi N, Rababah AO, Alshyyab N, et al.

    Cureus|2026

    Source